D5: Closed-Loop Pumped Storage

With over 100 GW of pumped-storage projects being developed in the U.S., a common design being used by many is the “Closed Loop” system.
This low environmental impact approach to development has benefits as well as challenges.

This roundtable will be a great forum to discuss the water-to-wire benefits such as shortened permitting cycles and reservoir liner systems as well as challenges such as evaporation, penstock design, cavern vs surface powerhouse, and variable speed vs fixed speed.